Study of water exchange of weed and tomato plants in the process of joint vegetation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.3.3-9Keywords:
tomatoes, weeds, moisture, water deficit, water supply, transpiration coefficientAbstract
Goal. Study of indicators of water metabolism of weed and tomato plants in the process of ontogenesis.
Methods. We used generally accepted methods of field and laboratory research (setting up experiments, monitoring plant development, recording the number of weeds, sampling, determining water exchange indicators) and mathematical and statistical (processing of research results). Indicators of water exchange (water deficit, water supply, water-holding capacity, transpiration coefficient) were calculated according to special formulas according to methodological instructions on plant physiology.
Results. Dominant weeds in tomato crops during the growing season were (Setaria glauca L.), Echinochloacrus-galli L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Portulaca oleracea L., the number of which in the flowering-beginning of tomato fruiting phase was 85, 41, 27, 29 pieces/ m², respectively. In their competitive activity, weeds actively use water. During the cultivation of tomatoes and weeds in the greenhouse, the indicators of water exchange did not have significant differences. The moisture content of the leaves of the studied plants (Lycopersicon esculentum, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album and Setaria glauca) was at the level of 71.5—78.1%. Tomatoes were characterized by the highest water availability — 65.3%, and ragweed — 21.1% — the lowest. The intensity of transpiration in tomato leaves averaged 143.2 g/m2 per hour. The transpiration coefficient (TC) of plants was at the level of 400 (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) — 497 (Chenopodium album). In field conditions, transpiration processes were recorded in 8 types of weeds during the growing season of tomatoes from flowering to the end of fruiting. During this period, weed plants lost moisture from 2.5% to 23.1%, tomatoes — 23%. TC during the flowering period of tomatoes was 168—301, at the end of the growing season — 146—287, tomatoes were 200 and 158, respectively. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Barbaréa vulgáris, Portulaca oleracea were characterized by the highest level of TC. A high TС of weeds indicates high competitiveness and significant pressure on tomato plants during the growing season.
Conclusions. The water exchange of weed and tomato plants depended on the growing conditions. In greenhouse conditions, transpiration processes in weed and tomato plants had no significant differences. The water content in the leaves and the transpiration coefficient of the weed and tomato plants were almost at the same level. In field conditions, the indicators of water exchange of weed and tomato plants during the growing season underwent significant changes. The water content in plant leaves and TC decreased during the growing season. The transpiration coefficient of most weed plants prevailed over the TC of tomatoes, which indicates a higher competitive ability of segetal vegetation for water resources during the joint vegetation with the agricultural culture.
References
Assunta R., Rigano M. M., Calafiore R., Luigi F., Barone A. (2014). Enhancing the Health-Promoting Effects of Tomato Fruit for Biofortified Food. Review Article. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/139873
Halat L.M. (2019). Osoblyvosti rynku svizhykh ovochiv v Ukraini. [Peculiarities of the market of fresh vegetables in Ukraine]. Ahrosvit, (11), 39-44. DOI: 10.32702/2306"6792.2019.11.35 (in Ukrainin).
Ivashchenko O.O., Remeniuk S.O., Ivashchenko O.O. (2018). Problemy potentsiinoi zasmichenosti gruntu v Ukraini. [Problems of potential weediness of soil in Ukraine]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky, (8), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201808-09
Singh V., Singh K.M., Irmak S., Jhala A.J. (2021). Water Use Characteristics of Weeds: A Global Review, Best Practices, and Future Directions. Front. Plant Sci., 07 January 2022. Sec. Crop and Product Physiology. Systematic review article, 12. | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.794090
Valerio M., Lovelli S., Perniola M., Tommaso Di T., Ziska L. (2012). The role of water availability on weed–crop interactions in processing tomato for southern Italy. Published online: 20, 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2012.715184
Monaco T.J., Grayson A.S., Sanders D.C. (2017). Influence of Four Weed Species on the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Direct-Seeded Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). Weed Science, 29(4), 394–397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500039874
Qasem J.R. (1992). Pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) interference in transplanted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, Pages 421-427. Published online: 27 Nov 2015. |https://doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1992.11516267
Lykholat Yu.V., Davydov V.R., Didur O.O., Lykholat T.Iu. (2021). Kharakterystyka vodnoho obminu predstavnykiv rodu Shaenomeles L. v umovakh stepovoho Prydniprovia. [Characterization of the water exchange of representatives of the genus Сhaenomeles L. in the conditions of the Dnieper steppe]. Tezy dop. II Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi internetkonferentsii. Intehratsiia osvity, nauky ta biznesu v suchasnomu seredovyshchi: zymovi dysputy: 4-5 liutoho 2021 r. Dnipro. Ukraina. T.2. 479 s. (in Ukrainin).
Chornyi R. (2020). Stiikist roslyn do vplyvu nyzkykh temperatur. Ekolohichni problemy suchasnosti, 188.190.43.194. t. S.48-49. (in Ukrainin).
Meychik N., Nikolaeva Y., Kushunina M. (2021). The significance of ion-exchange properties of plant root cell walls for nutrient and water uptake by plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 166, 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.048
Romashchenko M.I., Zhuravlov O.V., Shatkovskyi A.P. (2017). Zakonomirnosti vodnoho obminu ta sumarnoho vodospozhyvannia roslyn v umovakh zroshennia. [Patterns of water exchange and total water consumption of plants under irrigation conditions]. Materialy Mizhn. Naukovo-prakt. Konf. «Upravlinnia vodnymy resursamy v umovakh zmin klimatu», prysviachenoi Vsesvitnomu dniu vody, 21 bereznia 2017 r, S.14-15. (in Ukrainin).
Pererva V.V. (2014). Vyznachennia produktyvnosti transpiratsii ta transpiratsiinoho koefitsiienta u predstavnykiv Sucurbita v shtuchnykh umovakh. Materialy Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-tekhnichnoi konferentsii «Stalyi rozvytok promyslovosti ta suspilstva». Kryvyi Rih. 2014. Tom 2. S.217-218. (in Ukrainin).
Brytik O.A., Chynova L.Iu. (2018). Vidbir zharo- ta posukhostiikykh zrazkiv dyni za pokaznykamy vodnoho defitsytu. [Selection of heat- and drought-resistant melon samples according to indicators of water deficit]. Zroshuvane Zemlerobstvo. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats, (61), 132-134. (in Ukrainin).
Caatinga R. (2019). Еffects of competition and water deficiency on sunflower and weed growth Agronomia, 32(2), Apr-Jun 2019. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n204rc
Naidoo a G., Naidoo K.K. (2018). Drought stress effects on gas exchange and water relations of the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata. Flora, 248, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2018.08.008
Khodzhaeva N.D., Urazbayev I.U., Ishankulova K.K. (2021). Study on some features of water exchange of local varieties of hard wheat. Earth and Environmental Science, 939, 2nd International Conference on Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering. (ICECAE 2021). DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012061
William L. Bauerle Joseph D. Bowden. (2011). Predicting Transpiration Response to Climate Change: Insights on Physiological and Morphological Interactions that Modulate Water Exchange from Leaves to Canopies. Vol. 46: Issue 2. Page(s): 163–166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.2.163
Perepelytsia L.O., Patsiuk M.K., Korevo N.I. (2022). Navchalna praktyka z fiziolohii roslyn ta henetyky. Metodychni vkazivky do laboratornykh robit. Transpiratsiia ta yii rol v zhytti roslyn. Zhytomyr: Vyd-vo ZhDU im. I. Franka. 36 s. S. 8-10. (in Ukrainin).
Kramarov S.M., Pysarenko P.V, Shevchenko M.S., Lorynets F.A., Bondar V.P, Andriienko A.L., Isaienkov V.V. (2008). Efektyvnist herbitsydiv v ahrotsenozakh kukurudzy.. Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi ahrarnoi akademii, (3), 5-12. (in Ukrainin).
Universalna zbroia proty burianiv v posivakh kukurudzy (2021). URL: ropscience.bayer.ua/Media/Publications/Universal-protection-against-weeds (in Ukrainin).
Serhiienko V., Tyshchuk O., Tytova L. Fomenko S.(2023). Vplyv zaburianenosti posiviv na rozvytok roslyn tomativ. Materialy Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi internet-konferentsii «Innovatsiinyi rozvytok zemlerobstva na zasadakh ekoloho-ekonomichnoi zbalansovanosti». 20 chervnia 2023 r., m. Rivne. S.73-75. (in Ukrainin).
